Albert hayes



A. HAYES.

CHARGE FORMING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICAHDN FILED FEB. 2. I920.

1 ,360,742. mwnted Nov. 30, 1920.

in s,form1 of the explosiveieharge and h'ch the fuel oil is mtrohas for its fectiv'e .to

UNITED STATESPA'VIENT OFFICE.

ALBERT HAYES, OF

NEW YoRgK, n. Y., nssronoa, BY mn'snn ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro stones-r. MQKAY, or NEW roan, N. Y.

oizmoli ronmme MEANS ron m'rnnnan-coimus'rion enemas.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT HAYES, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county ofNew York, State of 5 New York, have invented certain new and useful Im'povementsin Char e Forming Means for rnal :combustion engines and particularly; to interna'l combustion engines adapted to usecfuel .bil,

.thatjs oil heavier than gasolene, as'the basis to the type of such engines in it ducedinto the explosive harge ,thersin'by mixing with air compressed therein, and 'my invention the fuel oil wilLbe so heated and so forced into the compression space and so scattered throughout the body 0 without special igniting means.

A further objct of the invention is'to provide means for heating the oil and form ing the explosive mixturewhic-h will be ef-' form the mixture and cause itto ignite, without other igniting means than the heat of compression not onlyafte'r the en- 'gine has been heated up but also on the initial stroke, in other words to provide mean which will 'beeflfectire to start an internal 4 5 effective explosive mixture use of mechanical force.

combustion engine using fuel oil as well as to"'o erate it after it is once started, with the uel oil only and without the use of light h drocarbon 'for priming and without speal i niting means.

I A urther obe'ct of my invention is to 'rovide means or scattering or disseminat' mg the fuel oil'through the compressed air in the compression space so as to form an and to cause the charge-thus formed to ignite, without the A: further object of:

proiiidejmeans by which oil chamber or receptacleinwhich" the charge of oil is heated willbe thoroughlycleansedof oil or fil pzroducts-as each charge is formed so that *will'hmo possibility of deposit of carbon another matter in such chamber or 65 receptacle;

tex ual-Combustion ngines, of, which the follow' is a description, referplosive m1 twfhombustion space to form-j object to provide means by which,

compressed air that it will form with the compressed air an in- 3 p 25 timate mixture which will instantlytignite m invention is to.

Specification of Letters as. Patented N 01?; 30, 1920. Application meu'rebrhar e, 1990'. Serial No. 355,540

A further olziject of my invention is to provide simple and ihexpensive means by which-the heat of the air com ressed'in the compression space will be-e actively utilized -to heat'the oil used and'simple, inexpensive and efiecti ve-means for causing the heated oil to beimpelled or ejected into, the com ressed air in the compressiou space 'so quic y and forcibly; that it will form an explosive mixture andfliwill bring this exgasespf explosion may be retained after the eiitlplosion of a charge to heat the oil in the chamber or rece tacle and to maintain a flame to ignite a su sequent char I am, of cour's aware that in t e Diesel type of internalu ombustion on me fuel oil 'is forceglor sprayed into the dy inder when the air erein has been compressed to such a d that its temperature is above that at w ich a mixture of oil and air willignite, the heat of'compression' being depended on to effect the ignition. For operation of a Diesel engine ve high compression is reeanswhe'reby fuel oil maybe int qnired and consi erable mechanical power,

is required to force or spray the oil into the body of highly compressed air in the cylinder. I am also aware that it has been posed to heat a char e of .oil by the of compression and, yforcing it into the compression space, forni an explosive mixmm which, whenthe en inc has been heated up, will ignite, but in a1 such engines difficu'lty has, beenfound in starting and it has been found necessary to startby priming with gasolene or other lig t hydrocarbon ,or to use special means sue as electric heata ing coils and special igniting means'or to raise the degree of compression tothe point produced by the at which the 'temg lerature compression is su ciently igh to ignite.

By the use of my invention the engine of an internal combustion engine provided "with charge forming and igniting devices embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 1s a front elevation of the charge forming device, and

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the valve and valve rod of the charge forming device.

Fig. 4 is a central sectional view of a portion of the charge forming device on an enlar ed scale.

n the drawings 1 indicates the cylinder of an internal combustion engine here shown as horizontally arranged but which may be vertical if desired. 2 indicates the water jacket of the cylinder. 3 indicates the piston provided with piston rings 4. The iston 15 preferably made .to have a grim in fit in the cylinder so as to avoid leakage an to make it possible to get relatively high compression. 5 indicates the cylinder head and 6 indicates one of the two inwardly opening valves used respectively for controlling the inlet of air and the exhaust as is usual in four cycle internal combustion en 'nes. 7 indicates the outer wall of the va ve chamber secured to or formed with the cylinder head and 8 indicates the spring carried by the valve rod of each of the in- ..wardly opening valves and acting to hold its valve normally closed. These valve rods are arranged to be operated to open their valves at the proper time by any usual means employed for this purpose in such engines.

9 indicates an openin formed in the cylinder near the' cylin er head extending through the cylinder wall and water jacket and having its outer part 10 preferably enlarged and screwthreaded as 'shown. 'In this opening is secured the charge forming and igniting device shown in detail in Fig.

.2, this device comprising an inner part 11.

and an outer part or head 12, the outer part or head being provided in its periphery with screwthreads to engage the screwthreads of the outer part 10 of the opening. Through the parts 11 and 12 is formed a central opening or bore 13 forming an oil chamber or re ceptacle the outer end of which is enlarged and screwthreaded to receive a plug 14.

This plug 14 is provided on one side with a passage 15 for oil leading to the oil chamer or receptacle 13 and on the other side with a passage 16 for water leading to a central opening through the lug in which the valve rod 18 is uided. This valve rod extends a considera le distance above the top of plug 14 and is provided near its upper end with a cross bar 19 between which and the top of the plug is a coiled spring 20 which acts to hold the valve rod in raised position. The valve rod extends throu h the plug 14 and through the center of t e oil chamber or receptacle 13 and carries at its lower end a valve 21 which has its seat 22 at the lower or inner end of the part 11 of the charge formin device. In this valve rod at a point whic when the valve rod is in raised position, is in line with the inner end of the water inlet passa e 16, is formed a recessor ocket 23 adapte to receive'and hold a small amount of water to be dropped into the oil chamber or receptacle 13 in any convenient'manner as by the descent of the valve rod or otherwise.

The lower part 11 of the charge forming device is provided with a series of helically arranged-ribs 24 between which are helical spaces 25 the inner walls 26 of which form the walls of the oil chamber or receptacle 13 and are made relatively thin so as to uickly transmit heat to the oil in 13, while t e ribs 24 are of relatively thick metal so as to hold heat in: arted to them and maintain the heat of t e oil chamber or rece tacle when the air, gases or flame in t e s aces25 are not at their highest heat. Carried by the lower part 11 and inclosin its lower end is a cup or cup shaped dis 27 of perforated metal.

Into the outer end of the oil inlet passa e 15 extends a pi e 28 leading from a supp y cup 40 to W' lIlC oil is supplied by ipe 41 from a force pump 29 the piston 30 0? which is held normally in retracted position by sprin in engines of this type for operating the oil feeding pump. The supply cu 40 is pro- 31, the piston being forced toward the c arge forming device at the proper time by any of the usual means employedvided in one side with an over ow pipe 42 which carries off any excess of oil supplied to the cup by the pump, thus malntaining the oil at a constant level. The cup is of such'size and the overflow pipe is laced at such distance above the bottom 0 the cup that the oil in the cup will be only sufiieient to .kee the engine in operation for a short time w tliout being replenished by the pump. The feed of the Oll to the oil chamber or receptacle is by gravity the oil flowing down the pipe 28 which is preferably provided with a check valve 50 which permits the flow of oil into the oil chamber or receptacle 13 but prevents any forc ng of i 1,seo,742

iiito the cup 40 by the pressure in the chamber-or receptacle 13. A check valve 32 at the pipe 35 leading from any convenient water supply such as the water tank 51 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The valve rod 18, as stated, is held nor mally raised by spring 20. To cause the valve 21 to be opened and the pocket 23 to carry the Water contained in it down into the oil chamber at the proper time, this valve rod is forced downward against the force of the spring. Any convenient means operated from the cam shaft of the engine 1 or otherwise may be used for this purpose. The means shown comprises a bent arm 36 having its free end above and in line with the upper end of the valve rod and pivoted at 37 in a bracket 38 secured to the cylinder or cylinder head, and arranged to be operated by any convenient means from the cam shaft of the en 'ne.

In starting t e engine, a supply of fuel oil and water being provided, and the engine cylinder being filled with air, the engine shaft is turned over by hand or by electrically operated or other starting means causing the oil ump to force oil into the cup -10 from which it flows by gravity into the oil chamber or receptacle 13, and also causing the piston to compress the air in the cylinder. As above explained, the piston preferably fits tightly in the cylinder so as to compress the air to a relatively high degree, preferably to 300 pounds to the square inch or more. The highly heated compressed air is forced into the opening 9 and, acting on the thin walls 26 of the oil chamber or receptacle, heats the oil therein, which. as the center of the chamber or receptacle is occupied by the valve rod 18, is in the form of a hollow cylinder having its outer surface exposed to the heated walls. and brings this Oll at once to approximately the temperature of the heated air. As the piston reaches the end of its compression stroke the bent arm 36 is operated to force the valve rod downward carrying the water with which the pocket 23 has been filled down into the upper end of the oil chamber or receptacle into the highly heated oil, the water entering the oil chamber or receptacle as water and at normal pressure and being positively carried into it and not forced in by pressure of a pump or other pressure means which might yield to back pressure. The hot oil instantly conyerts this water into steam at very high temperature andat very high pressure practically causing it to.

explode and to force the hot oil out through the discharge port formed at the lower end of the chamber, the valve 21 bein opened by the dow'nward movement of t e valve rod simultaneously with the introduction of the water into the oil chamber or receptacle. The hot oil is thus forcibly. expelled from the oil chamber or receptacle and through the perforations in the cup shaped disk 27 into the hot compressed air in the 7a compression space very much as a'charge of shot is expelled from a gun bythe explosion of the powder charge, and is finely broken up and scattered through the body of compressed air, the force with which the oil particles are driven through the com ressed air or possibly their impacton the mating device of the oil chamber producing an increase of temperature sufiicient to effect ignition without the need of special igniting means and without the high compression reguired in the Dieselt pe of engine The rst ignition thus pro need is sufiicientto start the engine into operation. l

The first ignition heats up the engine so that on the second compression stroke of the piston the charge of oil introduced into the oil chamber or receptacle from the cup 40 is more quickly and, perhaps, more highly heated. The heating of the'second and subse uent charges of oil is further facilitatedqb helical chamber 25, as described in the atent issued to me December 3, 1901. 0. 688,245, filling this chamber with unconsumed gases Which-continue to burn therein, suflicient oXy en to support combustion being supplied y an air inlet duct 43 formed in the outer part 10 of the ,device, and by their continued combustion as well as by their initial heat heatin the walls of the oil chamber or receptacle, t e helical ribs 24 holding the heat as the gases begin to lose their heating power, the flame of the combustion of these gases also serving as an additional means for insurin ignition of the second and subsequent c arges. The air inlet duct 43 is preferably provided with a. check valve 52 so arranged as to permit air to be drawn into the helical chamber 25 on the suction strokd of the piston but to.

y the heat of theignited gases which are forced by the e'vplosion into the e 21. is preferably of the full diameter of the chamber so as to form no obstruction completely expelled by the explosion of the water leaving nothing in the chamber to form a deposit of carbon or other matter.

I do not herein claim the method of operation carried out by the apparatus herein described. as that forms the subject matter of a separate application for Letters Patent filed in unon the 5th day of I ebruanv, 15320. No. 3513.561.

llaving thus described my invention what I claim is 1. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a. receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine having an opening therein for the release of its contents into the compression space and means for closing it against admission of air into the receptacle from the compression space. oil feeding means for introducing oil into the receptacle and means independent of the oil feeding means for introducing a substance expansible by heat into the receptacle after the introduction of the oil thereinto.

2. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil ar'angcd in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine having an opening therein for the rel ase of its contents into the compression space and means for closing it against adinis ion of air into the receptacle from the compression space. oil feeding means for introducing oil into the receptacle and IllttllS independent oi the oil feeding means for mechanically moving a. substance expansihle by heat into the receptacle after the intro dnction ot' the oil thereinto.

t. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air com pressed in the compression space of the engine means for introducing oil into the receptacle. means for closing the receptacle against the admission of air from the compression space. means for introducing a sub stance expansihle by heat into the rtaieptacle and means for releasing, the contents of the receptacle into the compression space.

i. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arrangml in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine. means for introducing. oil into the receptacle, means for closing the receptacle against the admission of air from the compression space, means for introducing a substance cxpansible by heat into the receptacle and simultaneously releasing the contents of the receptacle into the compression space.

I 5. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine having an opening therein for the re lease of its contents into the compression space and means for closing it against ad mission of air into the receptacle from the compression space, oil feeding means for in troducing oil into the receptacle and means independent of the oil l'cei'ling means tor introducing water into the receptacle after the introduction of the oil thereinto.

(i. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a recep tacle adapted to contain oil arranged in po sition to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine having an opening therein for the release of its contents into the compression spa eand means for closing it against admission of air into the receptach from the compression space, oil feeding means for introducing oil into the receptacle and means independent of the oil feeding means for bodily transferring water from outside the receptacle into contact with the oil therein.

7. In an internal coinlnistion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, means for closing the receptacle against thi admission oi air from the com pression space, means for introducing water into the receptacle and simultaneously re leasing the contents of the receptacle into the compression space.

In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device com nising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air con1- pressed in the compression space of the engine. and having a discharge port leading to the compression space and a valve nor- 1nall v closing the discharge port against ad mission of air from the comtn'ession space, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, means for introducing water into the re ceptacle and simultaneously opening the *alve of the discharge port.

9. in an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle of tubular form adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine. and having a discharge port of the full diameter of the interior of the receptacle leading to the compression space and a valve normally closing the discharge port against admission of air from the compression spacegmeans for introduo ing oil into the receptacle, and means for introducing water into the receptacle and simultaneously opening the valve of the discharge port 10. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain'oi'l arranged in position to, be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine, having a discharge port at its inner end leading to the compression space and means for closing the discharge port against" outer end. 1

11; In' an" internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a: recep- 4 tacle ada ted to contain oil arran ed in-position to e subjected to the heat 0 air compressed in the compression space of the engine, and having a discharge. port at its inner end leading to the compression space, and means for closing it against admission of air from'the compression space, means for introdi cing oil into'the receptacle, and

means for simultaneously introducin water into the receptacle at its outer end an openinlg th'e discharge port.

12. anmternal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacleada ted to contain oil arranged in position to subjected to the heat 0 air compressed in the compression -spaceJof the engine, and having adischarge port at its inner end leadingto the compression space, means for closing the outer end of the receptacle having an opening therethrou h for a valve rod, means fortintroducing Ollinto the receptacle, a valve rod carrying a valve for; closing the discharge port, and means carried by the valve rod for introducing water into the receptacle.

13. In aninternal combustionengine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the en gine, and having a discharge port at its inner end leading to the compression space, means for closing the outer end of the receptacle having an opening therethrough for a'valve rod, means for introducing 011 into the receptacle, a valve rod carrying a valve for closing the discharge port, means carried by the valve for introducing water into the receptacle, and means for holding the valve rod in osition to cause the valve to close the disc arge port.

14. In an internallcombustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle ada ted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the enthe oil feeding means for gine and having a discharge port. at its inner end leading to the compression space,

f means for closing the outer end of the receptacle'having an opening therethrough for a valve rod, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, a valve rod carrying a valve for closing the discharge port and provided With a pocket for carrying water into the receptacle.

15. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle ada ted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the-heat of air compressed in the compression space of the engine, and having a discharge port at'its inner-end leading to the compression space,

, a plug for closing the outer end of the receptacle having an openin therethrough for a valve rod and a Water inlet passage leading 'to the opening for the valve rod, means for mtrodu'cing oilinto-the receptacle, a

valve .rodcarrying a valve for closing the discharge port and extending through the open ing in the plug having a pocket formed therein adapted to receive water from ihe Water inletpa-ssage and to carry it into he receptacle.

16. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed .in the compression space of the engine,and having a discharge port at its in- I nor end leading to the compression space,

means for closing the outer end of the receptacle having an opening therethrough for a valve rod, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, a valve rod carryin a valve for closing the discharge port an extending through the opening in the means for closing the outer end of the receptacle, means carried by,the valve rod for introducing Water into the receptacle, a spring for hoiding the valve normally closed and means for operating the valve rod against the force of the spring to cause the discharge port to be opened.

17. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacl'e adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed'in the compression space of the engine, and having a discharge port at its inner end leading to the compression space and means for closing it, oil feeding means for introducing oil into the receptacle, means independent of the oil feeding means amntroducing water into the receptacle and for opening the discharge port and a perforated disk inclosing the inner end of the ramp tacle.

18. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a recep ta compressed in the compression space of the engine, having a discharge port at its inner end leading to the compression space and having the wall of its inner portion provided on its exterior with ribs of relatively thick metal, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, and means for introducing water into the receptacle.

19. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil arranged in position to be subjected to the heat of air compressed in the compression space of the cngine, having a. discharge port at its inner end leading to the compression space and having its inner portion provided with ribs of relatively thick metal on the exterior of its walls and with walls of relatively thin metal in the spaces between the ribs, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, "and means for introducing Water into the receptacle.

20. In an internal combustion engine a charge forming device comprising a receptzv cle adapted to contain oil arranged to be subjected to the heat oi air compressed in the compression space oi": the engine, having a discharge port at its inner end leading to the compression space and having the Wall of its inner portion provided on its exterior with helical ribs of relatively thick metal having spaces between them forming a helical chamber communicating with the compression space,,means for introducing oil into the receptacle, and means for introducing water into the receptacle.

21. The combination with an internal combustion engine having an opening in the Wall of its compression space of a charge forming device extending into said opening and comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil, having a discharge port at its inner end and having a part of its inner portion of such exterior diameter as to leave a space between it and the wall of the opening, means for introducing oil into the receptaclgmeans for holding the discharge port normally closed. and means for introducing Water into the receptacle and simultaneously opening the discharge port.

The combination with an internal combustion engine having an opening in the wall of its compression space. of a charge forming device extending into said opening and comprising a receptacle adapted to contain oil. having a discharge port at its inner end and having a part of its inner portion of such exterior diameter as to leave a space between it and the wall of the openin and having a disk of perforated metal inc osing its inner end, means for introducing oil into the receptacle, means or holding the discharge port normally closed, and means for introducing water into the receptacle.

23. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil, means for closing the outer end of the chamber, a valve for closing the inner end, means for holding the valve normally closed, an oil inlet passage leading to the chamber, and means for introducing water into the chamber.

24. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil, means for closing the outer end of the chamber, a valve for closing the inner end, yielding means for holding the valve normally closed, an oil inlet passage leading to the chamber, and means for introducing Water into the chamber.

22 charge forming device for internal or ;o. an inn engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapt d to ontain oil, means for closing t ,tcr end of the chamber, a valve f(:" o the inner end, means for holding tlr: \...l""r3 normally closed, a disk of perforated metal extemling over and inclosing the inner end of the chamber, an oil inlet passage uling to the chamber, and means for iu ducing Water into the chamber.

26. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil, means for clos ing the outer end of the chamber having an opening therethrough for a valve rod, a valve for closing the inner end of the chamher, a valve rod for said valve extending, through the openin in the means for closing the outer end 0 the chamber, an oil inlet passage leading to the chamber, and means carried by the valve rod for introducing water into the chamber.

27. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil, means for closing the outer end of the chamber havin an opening therethrough for a valve rod, a valve for closing the inner end of the chamber, a valve rod for said valve extending through the opening in the means for closing t e outer end of the chamber, and a pocket carried by the valve rod for introducing water into the chamber.

28. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a cylindrical chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil 180 ill) having an opening at its inner end of the full diameter of the chamber, a valve for closing said opening, a valve rod for said valve, means for closing the outer end of the chamber having an opening therethrough for said valve rod, and means carried by the valve rod for introducing water into the chamber.

29. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer por tion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil and having its inner end open, a valve for closing the inner end of the chamber, a valve rod for said valve, a plug for closing the outer end of the chamber having an opening tberethrougli for said valve rod, an oil inlet passage leading to the chamber and a Water inlet pas sage leading to the opening for the valve rod, and a pocket carried by the valve rod for carrying Water from the water inlet passage into the chamber.

30. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner portions adapted to contain oil and having its inner end open, a valve for closing the innet end of the chamber, a valve rod for said valve, a plu the chamber aving an opening therethrough for said valve rod, an oil inlet passage leading to the chamber and a water inlet passage leading to the opening for the valve rod. :1 spring carried by the valve rod outside the plug for holding the valve closed, and a pocket carried by the valve rod for carrying water from the vvater inlet passage into the chamber.

31. A charge forming device for internal combustion engines comprising an outer portion. and an inner portion having a chamber extending through said outer and inner por tions adapted to contain oil and having its inner end open, a perforated disk extending over and inclosing the inner end of the chamber, a valve for closing the inner end of the chamber, a valve rod for said valve, a plug for closing the outer end of the chamber having an opening therethrough for said valve rod. an oil inlet passage leading to the chamber and a water inlet passage leading to the opening for the valve rod, and a pocket carried by the valve rod for carrying Water from the water inlet passa c into the chamber.

n testimony whereof I aflix my signature this 27th day of Januar 1920.

AL ERT HAYES.

for closing the outer end of 

